CHAPTER 14: EMPIRES AND ENCOUNTERS
The Great Dying:
Definition: Set of diseases in the Old World that was known as The Great Dying due to the Columbian Exchange. These various diseases killed 90% of the Native American population. The diseases that killed the Native Americans consisted of small pox and measles. A truly horrible event in history. Trading roads were the main cause of the spreading of these diseases.
Description: The Great Dying with black trees in the background.
Description: The Great Dying with black trees in the background.
Columbian Exchange:
Definition: An exchange between continents and states for animals, goods, plants, religions and often diseases. A very famous exchange. Like for example Africa would trade animals to a place that didn't have animals. Then they would have the animals, so the exchange system would provide the trading for those states who didn't have enough of the certain trade item.
Description: A picture of the exchange routes and what they traded.
Description: A picture of the exchange routes and what they traded.
Peninsulares:
Definition: Peninsulares were the highest class in Latin America. They were at the top of the pyramid of social classes. Along with Peninsulares came the Criollo, Mestizo and at the very bottom the indigenous. Those who were born in Spanish America would be known as the rulers at the Peninsulares.
Description: A pyramid showing the four classes.
Description: A pyramid showing the four classes.
Mestizo:
Definition: Mestizo was another word for a racial mixing with societies in Mexico and Peru to be exact. It all started with Spanish and Indian people creating a racial imbalance or blend. The mestizo was a class. It wasn't located at the very bottom of the pyramid of social classes. They were often discriminated for being colored and not natives from Latin America.
Description: Picture of a white man and a colored women having a Mestizo baby.
Description: Picture of a white man and a colored women having a Mestizo baby.
Mulattoes:
Definition: Those who were denied things such as economic, political and social rights because they were another race. People who were from African American heritage or with colored skin would be judged and seen as unequal. This type of unfairness would mainly be in Latin America.
Description: Picture of colored or African American children.
Description: Picture of colored or African American children.
Plantation Complex:
Definition: This was where the slaves would usually work. The complex that was close to the plantations. Slaves had to work under really hard and extreme conditions that were difficult to work with. They wouldn't have breaks often so when they did they would sleep here.
Description: A picture of the plantation complex.
Description: A picture of the plantation complex.
Settler Colonies:
Definition: These were colonies that people settled in such as indigenous people. These settler colonies were located around and in the surrounding empires. These were like little mini cities of their own. It was a place were people lived in and didn't really have an economical system like those massive empires.
Description: Map of Africa and settler colonies.
Description: Map of Africa and settler colonies.
Siberia:
Definitions: Located in the center of Russia by the Pacific Ocean. It is well known for it's mining and the things that they find in the this place.
Description: Map of Siberia that was located in Europe.
Description: Map of Siberia that was located in Europe.
Yasak:
Definition: The Yasak was a symbol that represented and gave tributes to Russian leaders. It was a period of the time of 1450 to 1750. It was when Russians were demanding fur pelts from the Native Americans. Almost caused the extinction of beavers because the indigenous people would use them for their fur pelts.
Description: A picture of beavers because they were used to make the fur pelts.
Description: A picture of beavers because they were used to make the fur pelts.
Qing Dynasty Empire:
Definition: The dominated dynasty in China that flourished in the middle of the fourteenth century. This dynasty helped China gain more land and invade more people with their forms of government. It only served 15 years though. Ying Zheng was one of the first emperors to rule the Qin Dynasty.
Description: A map of the Great Qin Dynasty.
Description: A map of the Great Qin Dynasty.
Mughal Empire:
Definition: An empire that took place very close to India. Located by the bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea. The religion in this empire was mainly the Islamic religion. It flourished in 1450 and ended up in 1750. Lasted a while until it was conquered by India.
Description: Map of the Mughal Empire.
Description: Map of the Mughal Empire.
Akbar:
Definition: One of the most important and well known emperor of the Mughal Empire, India. Also known as Akbar "The Great." He was such a good emperor that after his death the whole empire collapsed and didn't last without him reigning the empire. So he established many positive policies.
Description: A picture of Akbar the great.
Description: A picture of Akbar the great.
Aurangzeb:
Definition: He was another well known emperor of the Mughal empire. He contradicted the policies that Akbar the great had established.
Description: A picture of the Mughal emperor.
Description: A picture of the Mughal emperor.
Ottoman Empire:
Definition: The Ottoman contained a lot of territory that consisted of parts of Eastern Europe, parts of Arabia and small amounts of North Africa. They were also known as Turks because they are located in present day Turkey. The main religion of the Ottoman empire was the Islamic and Muslim religions.
Description: Map of the Ottoman empire.
Description: Map of the Ottoman empire.
Constantinople: (1453)
Definition: It was the capital of the Eastern part of the Roman empire. Constantinople was founded in 330 C.E. This city had a high guard and a very good economy. It was known as the city that controlled trading networks. Part of the Byzantine empire. Later taken down by the Ottoman empire.
Description: Map of Constantinople.
Description: Map of Constantinople.
Devshirme:
Definition: This was a process of making boys participate in religious Christian things. The process of making young boys be trained to become a Janissary.
Description: Picture of children studying the Janissary process.
Description: Picture of children studying the Janissary process.